In tunneling, the excavation route passes through the subsurface and is not visible to the eye. Geology allows for the assessment of rock types, weak areas, displacement zones, void areas, underground water, and lithological changes in advance. All of these factors can directly affect the excavation method, safety, schedules, and costs.

Early identification of complex geological conditions allows for the adaptation of an engineering solution in advance, reducing emergency work and changes during execution, and preventing significant budget overruns. In other words, the more in-depth and closer to reality the geological investigation is, the more likely it is to save money for the project.

The average shear wave velocity up to a depth of 30 meters (Vs30) is a key parameter in seismic design, in Standard 413, and in assessing the soil response to earthquakes.

MASW (Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves) is an active seismic acquisition and processing method for estimating the shear wave velocity profile with depth. Insitu conducts these surveys to determine the site classification according to Standard 413 (Earthquake), which allows constructors to design more durable and safe structures based on field data.

ReMi (Refraction Microtremor) survey is a passive seismic acquisition and processing method for estimating the shear wave velocity profile with depth. Insitu conducts these surveys to determine the site classification according to Standard 413 (Earthquake), which allows constructors to design more durable and safe structures based on field data.

Vibration monitoring is required during quarrying, backfilling, or blasting operations near existing structures or sensitive infrastructure. Insitu monitors using sensors that measure the intensity of vibrations in real time. This is to ensure compliance with international safety standards and prevent damage to nearby structures.

Vibration monitoring is typically required for any project involving quarrying, embankment, or demolition near conservation buildings or sensitive infrastructure. Insitu provides real-time monitoring systems that ensure compliance with legal requirements.

Sometimes yes, but not always. Geophysics can indicate changes in subsurface layers, but a paleoseismic well will often provide the most reliable information about a replica.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a geophysical tool that uses electromagnetic waves to create an image of the subsurface, such as cavities, pipes, or rocks. The tool is particularly useful for locating cavities, archaeology, and infrastructure without invasively penetrating the subsurface.

While drilling provides only spot information, GPR radar provides continuous 2D and 3D mapping of a larger area without destruction. It is an ideal tool for locating infrastructure, checking concrete thickness and identifying ground anomalies quickly and efficiently.

Insitu uses GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) technology and other geophysical surveys to map the subsurface in a non-invasive manner. These methods allow for relatively accurate detection of cavities or sinkholes, thereby preventing sudden collapses and ensuring site safety.

Accuracy depends on many factors, including:Method typeGround conditionsDepth of investigationDesign and processing qualityMethod typeTherefore, it is important that a survey be planned, processed, and interpreted by an experienced professional.

Geophysical mapping requires interpretation by qualified geophysicists. Insitu combines cutting-edge equipment with scientific expertise in data analysis.

Yes. Insitu specializes in mapping waste sites and contaminated soils using a combination of geophysical methods. Mapping allows for an assessment of the volume of waste and its distribution on the site, which can save costs in clearance and remediation.

An environmental annex is a document that supplements a plan or professional report and includes important environmental information such as expected impacts on soil, groundwater, air quality, noise, etc. The document helps determine regulatory requirements, prior to obtaining construction or development permits and licenses. The document often includes data, analyses, maps, recommendations, and environmental risk assessments.

As part of a city planning application, building permit, or infrastructure plan. In projects with potential environmental impact (roads, industrial facilities, quarrying, energy, etc.). Sometimes as part of an environmental impact assessment (a broader and more in-depth document).

The product of the environmental appendix is a professional document approved by the appropriate environmental unit that summarizes the environmental implications of the project and establishes binding conditions, guidelines, and recommendations for continued planning, execution, and licensing.

A historical survey is a professional document that aims to collect and analyze historical information about a particular site, to identify past uses, possible contamination events, and environmental risks that may affect future planning, construction, or development.

1. To identify suspected soil and groundwater contamination.2. Determine whether an in-depth environmental investigation is required (Phase II)3. Support planning, licensing and permit decisions.

1. Review of past land uses (industry, agriculture, warehouses, fuels, landfills, military camps, etc.).2. Examination of documents and archives (historical aerial photographs, maps, plans, files in authorities).3. Information from competent authorities (Ministry of Environmental Protection, Water Authority, local authority).4. Known leak and contamination incidents (hazardous materials, fuels, metals, solvents).5. Field tour (physical signs: soil stains, abandoned buildings, underground infrastructure)

A historical survey is required when there is concern about soil contamination.

1. Map of suspected infection hotspots2. Environmental risk assessment3. Professional recommendation whether or not there is suspicion of contamination and approval of the report by the appropriate environmental unit.

Before approving plans for site rehabilitation or land rezoning, mapping of the volume of waste is sometimes required. Insitu's experience in using geophysical methods allows us to produce a reliable report that is accepted as the basis for the statutory clearance plan.